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Used to cite information sources. '据' means 'according to' and is followed by the source (报道=report, 消息=news, 了解=understanding). Common in news and formal writing to attribute information.
"据报道,中国公民赴巴西将免签"
'自' means 'from' and '起' means 'starting'. Together they indicate the beginning point of an action or policy. Used for formal announcements of when something begins.
"自2026年5月11日起,对持普通护照的中国公民实施免签入境政策"
'对' introduces the target/recipient, '实施' means 'implement/carry out'. This structure is used for official policies or measures being applied to specific groups.
"对持普通护照的中国公民实施免签入境政策"
A statistical term meaning 'compared to the previous period' (month-over-month, hour-over-hour, etc.). Used in data analysis and reports to show sequential changes.
"飞赴巴西里约热内卢搜索量环比上一小时翻倍"
"环比上周增近2倍"
'截至' means 'as of' or 'up until' a specific time point. Used to indicate the time when data was collected or a situation was observed. Common in reports and statistics.
"截至5月7日晚8点半,飞赴巴西里约热内卢搜索量环比上一小时翻倍"
(statistics) period on period (i.e. "month on month" or "quarter on quarter" etc, depending on the context)
(two, three etc) -fold
abbr. for 量詞|量词[liang4 ci2], classifier (in Chinese grammar)
to search (a place, a database, online etc); to search for (sth)
single
citizen
to go
China
CL:張|张[zhang1]
month
CL:個|个[ge4]
message
date, day of the month
up to (a time)
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