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Grammar Points
在……下— under … conditionsHSK 4
Used to indicate the conditions, background, or circumstances under which an action happens. It often appears in formal or written Chinese, especially in scientific or news-style texts.
"量子计算机需要在接近绝对零度的环境下运行。"
"利用这种合金制成的微型固态冰箱，在没有任何活动部件的情况下，成功将温度降至106毫开尔文。"
由……构成— be composed ofHSK 4
This pattern is used to describe the composition or makeup of something. It is common in formal, academic, and technical writing. Similar to “consist of” or “be made up of” in English.
"他们研发出一种由铕、钴和铝构成的新型稀土合金。"
"相关团队已成功开发出基于该材料的纯金属制冷模块原型。"
将……降至……— bring/reduce … to …HSK 5
The pattern “将 + object + verb/result + 至 + level/point” is common in formal Chinese to express causing something to reach a specific level. Here it shows reducing temperature to a target value.
"成功将温度降至106毫开尔文。"
"它们能把自己冷却到极低温度，却无法有效地将这股“冷”传导给周围的其他器件。"
不仅……还……— not only … but alsoHSK 3
Used to connect two related facts, showing that the second point adds to or strengthens the first. Very common in both spoken and written Chinese.
This pattern expresses that when one condition is met, a result will follow. In formal writing, “就” may be omitted and replaced by “将” to sound more written and predictive.
"一旦这种紧凑、轻便的固态冷却系统走向大规模应用，其意义将超出量子计算本身。"
"一旦这种技术成熟，相关产业就可能发生巨大变化。"
Key Vocabulary
的deHSK1
(used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
在zàiHSK1
(of sb or sth) to be (located) at
氦hài
量子liàng zǐ
将jiāngHSK4
to checkmate
材料cái liàoHSK4
(raw) material
是shìHSK1
(adverb for emphatic assertion)
下xiàHSK1
lower
这zhèHSK1
(coll.) this
制冷zhì lěng
了leHSK1
(used with 得[de2] or 不[bu4] after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了[wang4 bu5 liao3] "cannot forget")