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“由于” is a formal written grammar pattern used to introduce a cause or reason. It is commonly followed by a noun phrase or clause, and the result appears in the main clause. It is very common in news and formal writing.
"由于依赖同样面临燃料短缺的泰国供应，超过40%的加油站因断供而关闭。"
"由于无法再从国家石油基金中借入更多资金，不得不允许油价上涨。"
“因……而……” links cause and result in a concise and formal way. “因” introduces the reason, and “而” connects it to the outcome. This structure is especially common in written Chinese and news reports.
"超过40%的加油站因断供而关闭。"
"近三分之一的加油站已停业。"
“已” is a formal written adverb meaning “already.” It often appears in news writing to show that a situation has already happened or reached a certain stage. In passive structures like “已被……,” it means “has already been…”.
"已出现加油站断供，渔民、三轮车和卡车司机面临停工的情况。"
"因为政府办公楼的空调温度已被调高至约26摄氏度。"
“不得不” expresses lack of choice: someone is forced by circumstances to do something. It is stronger than simply saying “要” or “必须” because it emphasizes unwillingness or necessity caused by external conditions.
"由于无法再从国家石油基金中借入更多资金，不得不允许油价上涨。"
“即便……也……” is a formal pattern meaning “even if” or “even.” It emphasizes that the main clause is true even in an unexpected or extreme case. It is often used in formal writing and reporting.
"即便是在新加坡，政府也警告电价可能上涨。"
(used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的[pi2 ge2 de5] "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的|跑堂儿的[pao3 tang2 r5 de5] "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的[xin1 de5] "new one")
to weigh in a balance or on a scale
already
to exist; to be alive
oil
surname He
fuel
CL:個|个[ge4]
gas station
monastery
reserves
expression; manifestation
shock
shortage
(used after a verbal or nominal expression X to indicate that X is an extreme or unexpected case) even (X)
used in 拮据[jie2 ju1]
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