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Use “由” to introduce the person or organization that performs the action, similar to English “by …”. Common in formal descriptions and passive constructions.
"股东信息显示，该公司由英诺赛科（苏州）科技股份有限公司全资持股。"
"本站由阿里云提供计算与安全服务。"
Describe a change of quantity, amount, or status from one value to another with “由 … 增至 …”。
"注册资本由 37 亿元人民币增至 44 亿元人民币，增幅约 19%。"
“通过” introduces the method or means, followed by the result or effect of using that method.
"据介绍，小度龙虾通过自然语音交互，让用户只需开口即可发起复杂任务，降低 AI Agent 使用门槛。"
“只需 … 即可 … ” expresses that only a small effort or condition is enough to achieve a desired outcome.
"据介绍，小度龙虾通过自然语音交互，让用户只需开口即可发起复杂任务。"
“包括 … 等” is used to list examples without exhausting all possibilities, similar to “including … etc.” in English.
"经营范围包括半导体器件的研发、设计、生产、销售等。"
(used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
hour
CL:家[jia1]
ordinal number
probably
from
CL:戶|户[hu4],個|个[ge4]
Europe (abbr. for 歐羅巴洲|欧罗巴洲[Ou1 luo2 ba1 Zhou1])
news
administrative section
to report (malefactors to the police)
to stop
to join in the singing
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