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Grammar Points
在……下— under...conditionsHSK 4
This pattern means 'under' certain conditions, circumstances, or a framework. It is very common in formal and written Chinese, especially in academic or news-style texts. It often appears as 在 + noun/phrase + 下 + verb/clause.
"量子计算机需要在接近绝对零度的环境下运行。"
"利用这种合金制成的微型固态冰箱，在没有任何活动部件的情况下，成功将温度降至106毫开尔文。"
由……构成— be composed ofHSK 4
由……构成 is used to describe what something is made up of or composed of. It is common in scientific, technical, and formal descriptions. The structure is often 'A由B构成'.
"他们研发出一种由铕、钴和铝构成的新型稀土合金。"
"相关团队已成功开发出基于该材料的纯金属制冷模块原型。"
不仅……还……— not only...but also...HSK 4
This pattern connects two related actions or qualities, emphasizing that the second point adds to the first. It is widely used in both spoken and written Chinese. The second part can also be 也, 而且, or 并且 depending on style.
"这意味着它不仅能给自己降温，还能高效地把冷量输出给外部芯片或传感器。"
"仅设备本身就占据相当大的物理空间，根本谈不上便携。"
一旦……将……— once...will...HSK 5
一旦 introduces a condition meaning 'once' or 'if ever', often followed by a result clause. In formal writing, the result clause may use 将 to show a predicted future consequence. This pattern is useful for discussing hypothetical or future outcomes.
"一旦这种紧凑、轻便的固态冷却系统走向大规模应用，其意义将超出量子计算本身。"
"超灵敏探测器、空间探测任务中的自主制冷系统，乃至军事领域的先进传感设备，都将从中受益。"
正是……— it is exactly...that...HSK 5
正是 is used for emphasis, similar to 'it is precisely/exactly...'. It highlights a specific reason, time, place, or circumstance. This structure is common in explanatory and formal writing.
"其核心工质正是氦-3，一种极为罕见的氦同位素。"
"正是在这个背景下，美国国防高级研究计划局于2026年1月27日发布了一份紧急提案征集。"
Key Vocabulary
的deHSK1
a taxi; a cab (abbr. for 的士[di1 shi4])
在zàiHSK1
(of sb or sth) to be (located) at
氦hài
量子liàng zǐ
将jiāngHSK4
是shìHSK1
(respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well
材料cái liàoHSK4
(fig.) person who has the potential to do the job
制冷zhì lěng
中国zhōng guóHSK1
China
了leHSK1
(used with 得[de2] or 不[bu4] after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了[wang4 bu5 liao3] "cannot forget")
这zhèHSK1
(bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. [zhei4], esp. in Beijing)