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Expresses contrast between two clauses. 'Although X, (but) Y.' In Chinese, both parts can be used together, unlike English where 'although' and 'but' don't combine.
"马虽然丢了，怎么知道这就不是一件好事呢？"
"虽然暂时受了损失，也可能因此得到好处"
Used to modify nouns, connecting descriptive phrases or clauses to the noun they describe. Can form complex noun phrases with relative clauses.
"他养的一匹好马"
"老头儿丢失的那匹马"
"塞翁失马的成语就是从这个故事来的"
Rhetorical question pattern expressing uncertainty or the unpredictability of outcomes. Implies 'no one can know' or 'how could anyone know.'
"怎么知道这就不是一件好事呢？"
"哪里知道就不是福气呢？"
"谁能料到这不是一场灾祸呢！"
Disposal construction that emphasizes what happened to the object. Shows how the subject handled, dealt with, or affected the object, often with a resulting state.
"将小伙子摔了下来，把腿摔瘸了"
Expresses a necessary condition: 'only when/if X, then Y.' Emphasizes that Y can only happen under condition X.
"只有老头儿的儿子因为身体残废，留在家里，才侥幸活了下来"
to finish
(used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
to speak; to talk; to say
(at the end of a declarative sentence) particle indicating continuation of a state or action
(bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日[ta1 ri4] and 他人[ta1 ren2])
the elderly
(adjective) this
(after a round number) approximately
horse or cavalry piece in Chinese chess
with regard to; concerning
Chinese set expression, typically of 4 characters, often alluding to a story or historical quotation; idiom; proverb; saying; adage
to return; to come back
(pronoun) this; these
to know; to become aware of
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