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Grammar Points
X 为 Y— Formal Copula ‘to be’HSK 4
This structure links two nouns or noun phrases in a formal way, meaning “X is Y”. It is commonly used in formal or written Chinese to describe roles, titles, or identities.
"法定代表人为陈凌。"
由 + agent + verb— Passive/Agent Marker “by”HSK 5
“由” introduces the agent in a passive structure, showing who performs the action. It is often used in formal contexts to describe who is responsible for an action.
"该公司由宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司全资持股。"
包括...等— Listing with “including...etc.”HSK 3
“包括” starts a list of items or activities, and “等” indicates that the list continues. It’s useful for summarizing categories or range of things.
"经营范围包括电池制造、电池销售、新兴能源技术研发、电子专用材料制造、货物进出口等。"
在 + [place] + verb— Location of ActionHSK 1
This locative structure shows where an action takes place – “verb happens at a place”. It is one of the basic sentence patterns showing location of activity.