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“由” is used to indicate the agent or source behind an action, similar to “by” in English. In business and formal Chinese, it often appears in structures like “由A持股 / 由A设立 / 由A负责,” showing who controls, owns, or carries out something. “间接” means indirectly, and “全资持股” means wholly owned.
"该公司由宁德时代旗下时代电服科技有限公司间接全资持股。"
“包括...等” is used to list examples without claiming the list is complete. It means “including ... and so on.” This pattern is very common in formal writing, reports, and descriptions of categories or business scope.
"经营范围包括人工智能应用软件开发、物联网应用服务、充电控制设备租赁等。"
"推进智能靠离泊、智能装卸货、智能引航等船港协同技术与装备攻关。"
“对...的...” is a very common structure used to connect an object with a noun, often expressing “regarding,” “toward,” or “of.” It is especially frequent in formal Chinese when talking about ability, influence, attitude, control, or evaluation related to something.
"提升对港口基础设施、港区通航环境、船舶运行状态的监测感知能力。"
“其中” means “among them,” “in it,” or “of these.” It is used to introduce one part of a larger topic, document, or group. In formal texts, it often appears as “其中提到 / 其中包括 / 其中指出,” meaning “it mentions that...” or “among these...”
"其中提到，深化智慧港口建设，提升对港口基础设施、港区通航环境、船舶运行状态的监测感知能力。"
“面向...的...” is used to describe something designed for, oriented toward, or aimed at a particular target. It is very common in academic, technical, and policy language. The phrase before “的” acts as a modifier for the noun after it.
"加强面向船舶智能航行的智能终端与智能体的研制。"
smart (phone, system, bomb etc)
(bound form) bull's-eye; target
Time, US weekly news magazine
by the time; when; till
wisdom; intelligence
(fig.) to elevate; to raise; to improve
boats
together with
CL:個|个[ge4]
phase
(of a train service etc) to operate; to run
information
to find out
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