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Use 对 + someone/something + 发起 to say that someone launches or initiates an action toward a target. The object after 对 is the recipient of the action.
"美国贸易代表将对16个贸易伙伴发起301调查。"
"美国将对包括中国、欧盟、墨西哥、越南、印度和日本在内的16个贸易伙伴发起301调查。"
The structure 包括...在内 lists examples and explicitly includes them in a broader group. Place the specific items between 包括 and 在内.
"美国将对包括中国、欧盟、墨西哥、越南、印度和日本在内的16个贸易伙伴发起301调查。"
Use 所谓... to introduce or clarify the meaning of a term, often followed by verbs like 是 or 源自 to explain its origin or reason.
"所谓“301调查”源自美国《1974年贸易法》第301条。"
Use 由 + agent + verb list to say who performs a series of actions. This structure often emphasizes that the agent is responsible for each listed action.
"这一调查由美国自身发起、调查、裁决、执行，具有强烈的单边主义色彩。"
Use 可...并可... to show that something is possible and can be done twice or in two ways, combining possibilities with 并 to add another parallel option.
"该条款授权美国贸易代表可对他国“不合理或不公正贸易做法”发起调查，并可在调查结束后建议美国总统实施单边制裁。"
to survey
CL:條|条[tiao2],個|个[ge4]
(commercial) trade
(of the sea etc) surging; tempestuous
to originate
in the name of
horn (wind instrument)
companion
will
(used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
to authorize
to match together; to adjust
CL:個|个[ge4],輪|轮[lun2]
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