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Grammar Points
虽然……，仍……— although... still...HSK 4
This pattern shows contrast. 虽然 introduces a fact or concession, and 仍 emphasizes that the second action/result still happens despite it. It is common in formal and written Chinese.
"虽然细节无法看得很清楚，记者仍能看出马杜罗消瘦了很多。"
除……外，……还/也……— besides / apart fromHSK 4
除……外 means 'besides' or 'apart from'. It introduces something additional beyond the first item. The second clause often contains 还 or 也, though it may be omitted in news writing.
"除庭审现场外，还有3个房间供记者和其他人员通过内部闭路电视观看聆讯。"
经过……后，……— after going throughHSK 3
经过……后 means 'after' a process, event, or action. It is used to show that one action happens only after another step has been completed.
"记者在当地时间8时30分许进入法院，经过严格安检并交存所有电子设备后，在一层大厅排队等候。"
如果……，那么……— if... then...HSK 3
This is a standard conditional pattern. 如果 introduces the condition, and 那么 presents the result. In actual usage, 那么 is sometimes omitted, but here the full pattern appears clearly.
"如果不允许撤案，律师寻求退出。"
"如果马杜罗目前的辩护律师最终选择退出，那么美国政府可能会为马杜罗指定律师。"
由……为……— by... for...HSK 5
由 marks the agent or source of an action, often in formal writing, similar to 'by'. 为 indicates the beneficiary or purpose, meaning 'for'. Together they often appear in legal, official, or written contexts.
"允许代理律师接受由委内瑞拉政府为被告支付律师费，但很快修改许可，不允许这么做。"
"那么美国政府可能会为马杜罗指定律师。"
Key Vocabulary
的deHSK1
(used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
马杜罗mǎ dù luó
和héHSK1
美国měi guó
记者jì zhěHSK4
reporter; journalist
国家guó jiāHSK3
CL:個|个[ge4]
案件àn jiànHSK7
CL:宗[zong1],樁|桩[zhuang1],起[qi3]
律师lǜ shīHSK4
lawyer
是shìHSK1
(adverb for emphatic assertion)
法院fǎ yuànHSK5
court
这一zhè yī
辩护律师biàn hù lǜ shī
在zàiHSK1
to exist; to be alive
夫妇fū fùHSK5
a (married) couple
安全ān quánHSK3
safety; security
我们wǒ menHSK1
we; us; ourselves; our
也yěHSK1
also; too; as well; (not ...) either
了leHSK1
(literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無|无[wu2] or 不[bu4]) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least