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Used to show a change in quantity, amount, or level from an original number to a new number. It is common in news, business, and formal writing. The structure highlights both the starting point and the final result.
"注册资本由5亿元人民币增至5.2亿元人民币。"
"京东方旗下材料科技公司注册资本增至5.2亿元。"
This passive-like formal pattern is used in business Chinese to indicate ownership. “由” introduces the company or person doing the action, and “全资持股” means holding 100% of the shares.
"该公司由京东方科技集团股份有限公司全资持股。"
"股东信息显示，该公司由京东方科技集团股份有限公司全资持股。"
Used to list several examples without giving a complete list. “包括” introduces included items, and “等” signals that there are other similar items not mentioned. This is very common in formal descriptions.
"经营范围包括新材料技术研发、新材料技术推广服务、化工产品销售、电子专用材料销售等。"
"化工产品销售、电子专用材料销售等。"
A formal listing structure used to organize several reasons, points, or arguments clearly. It is especially common in speeches, interviews, reports, and news quotes.
"一是符合公司资源优先的战略安排；二是赤峰黄金在境外的几座矿山都具有良好的找矿前景和产能提升潜力；三是因全球治理秩序、信用货币超发等问题都没有得到根本解决，从中长期看，黄金维持高价位或进一步上涨的逻辑没有变化。"
"收购赤峰黄金，一是符合公司资源优先的战略安排；二是……；三是……"
Used to state a judgment or conclusion from a certain angle, timeframe, or perspective. In the text, “从中长期看” means “in the medium to long term” or “from a medium- and long-term perspective.”
"从中长期看，黄金维持高价位或进一步上涨的逻辑没有变化。"
"因全球治理秩序、信用货币超发等问题都没有得到根本解决，从中长期看，黄金维持高价位或进一步上涨的逻辑没有变化。"
company; firm; corporation
(used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
(fig.) person who has the potential to do the job
golden (opportunity)
science and technology
(of sb or sth) to be (located) at
because of; due to
doesn't exist
to show
(of sth) to indicate; to signify; to show
surname Du
to plan
director-general (of a company etc)
strategy
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