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Used to show a change in quantity, amount, or level from an original figure to a new figure. It is common in news and formal writing.
"注册资本由约3.4亿元人民币增至约4亿元人民币。"
"海尔新能源增资至约4亿元。"
由 introduces the agent or responsible party. With 共同, it means multiple parties do something together, often used in formal or business contexts.
"由青岛纳晖控股有限公司、中国石油集团昆仑资本有限公司、中央企业乡村产业投资基金股份有限公司等共同持股。"
This pattern expresses a transition in direction, focus, method, or state. It is often used to describe strategic, conceptual, or behavioral change.
"从训练模型转向训练智能体。"
"从推理式思考到智能体思考。"
Used to indicate the context, setting, or scope in which something happens. It is very common in written Chinese.
"在社交平台上发布了一篇题为《From “Reasoning” Thinking to “Agentic” Thinking（从推理式思考到智能体思考）》的长文。"
"在这篇文章中，林俊旸系统性地复盘了推理模型阶段的特征。"
自 means 'since' or 'from'. Combined with 之后, it marks the time after a certain event. It is more formal than just saying 以后 or 之后 alone.
"这是他自本月初从阿里辞职之后发布的第一篇长文。"
of; ~'s (possessive particle)
to train
(modal particle indicating change of state, situation now)
smart (phone, system, bomb etc)
person in charge
(coll.) this
monthly
to release
pattern
pact
to reflect on
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