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Use 正 or 正在 before a verb or clause to show an action is currently happening or a scene is unfolding.
"路上遇见一只被打伤、正受到追赶的狼。"
"正在这时，来了一个老农。"
Place 就 after the first clause to show that the second clause follows immediately or naturally as a result of the first.
"东郭先生看着狼可怜的样子，就答应了它的请求。"
"老农想了一计，就用计引诱恶狼重新进入布袋。"
使 is used to make someone/something enter a state or carry out an action, similar to “cause/let/make”.
"请让我躲在您装书的布袋里，使垂危的生命暂且得到延续吧。"
"东郭先生看着狼可怜的样子，就答应了它的请求，使它躲过了猎人的追捕。"
Use 向 before a person to indicate the direction of speech or action—what you tell, ask, or show to whom.
"东郭先生和狼向老农诉说了经过，请老农裁判。"
由＋名词＋动词 can describe that something comes from or is derived from that source.
"由这寓言引出了一个词叫“中山狼”。"
"成语“苟延残喘”也是由这寓言来的。"
(used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的[pi2 ge2 de5] "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的|跑堂儿的[pao3 tang2 r5 de5] "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的[xin1 de5] "new one")
(literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無|无[wu2] or 不[bu4]) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least
(adverb for emphatic assertion)
wolf
fable; allegory; parable
for now; for the time being; temporarily
(coll.) this
only; as little as
to burn
messenger
(courteous) to eat; to drink
because of; due to
to turn toward
ever since (as in 自古以來|自古以来[zi4 gu3 yi3 lai2])
to treat (to a meal etc)
I; me; my
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