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Used to introduce the basis, source, or standard for an action or statement. It often means 'according to' or 'based on'.
"据工信部,根据标准制修订计划,相关标准化技术组织已完成汽车行业《汽车数据安全保障要求》等2项推荐性国家标准的编制工作。"
已 is a formal written adverb meaning 'already'. It shows that an action has been completed before the current point in time.
"相关标准化技术组织已完成汽车行业《汽车数据安全保障要求》等2项推荐性国家标准的编制工作。"
为 before a verb phrase or purpose statement means 'in order to' or 'for the purpose of'. It is common in formal written Chinese.
"为进一步听取社会各界意见,现予以公示。"
予以 is a formal written expression used before a verb to mean 'to give', 'to carry out', or 'to take action on' something. It is common in official notices and government writing.
"现予以公示。"
等 placed after one named item means 'and others / etc.'. In formal titles, it often appears in the structure 'A等2项…' meaning 'two items including A'.
"工信部公开征求《汽车数据安全保障要求》等2项汽车行业推荐性国家标准报批意见。"
"相关标准化技术组织已完成汽车行业《汽车数据安全保障要求》等2项推荐性国家标准的编制工作。"
to demand
public notification
(bound form) equal to; same as
to guarantee
complaint
year
item
CL:輛|辆[liang4]
month
date, day of the month
to go a step further
to request (opinions, feedback etc)
to be interrelated
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