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“由” is used to indicate the agent, source, or responsible party. In news and formal writing, it often introduces who does an action, similar to a passive or formal ‘by’. It is common in structures like “由A……的B” or “由A来……”.
"由协鑫能科投建的浙江建德协鑫抽水蓄能电站项目签约百亿银团"
"8家金融机构组成的银团将为该抽蓄项目提供为期32年、总金额达100亿元的贷款"
“已” is a formal written form meaning “already”. It is often used in news reports and official writing to show that an action has been completed or a state has already been reached.
"目前已开源0.8B到32B的8款不同尺寸模型。"
"主体工程已于2024年9月开工"
“将” marks future or predicted action in formal style. “为……” indicates the target or beneficiary, and “提供……” means “provide”. Together, this pattern is very common in business and news Chinese to describe planned support, service, or resources.
"8家金融机构组成的银团将为该抽蓄项目提供为期32年、总金额达100亿元的贷款。"
“超过” means “to exceed” or “to surpass”. It can be used with numbers, standards, or other people/things in rankings and comparisons. In news articles, it is frequently used to highlight better performance or a larger amount.
"斩获1464分，超过了GPT-4.5、Grok-4.1等海外顶级模型。"
"总投资超125亿元"
“预计” means “it is expected / estimated”, often used in formal reports. “在……前” means “before …”. Together, this pattern expresses an expected action or result to happen before a certain time.
"预计在2030年前全容量投产发电。"
(used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
pattern
CL:個|个[ge4]
series
CL:個|个[ge4]
greatly; freely; fully
(modal particle intensifying preceding clause)
surname Nian
the above-mentioned
to act in accordance with
(adverb for emphatic assertion)
(fig.) to make a public appearance; to come out in public (revealing one's true personality, opinions etc); (of a product) to appear on the market or at a trade show etc
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