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Used to connect two related statements, stressing that the second clause adds another point on top of the first.
"患者不仅承受长期治疗的身心压力，还可能引发肾脏衰竭、失明等一系列严重并发症。"
Expresses a contrast between the two clauses: even though the first clause is true, the result in the second clause is different or unexpected.
"传统的胰岛移植虽有效，但受限于供体严重匮乏，无法惠及广大患者。"
Indicates cause or reason; followed by the result or consequence in the second clause.
"但由于供体往往匮乏，需要通过干细胞技术在体外再造组织。"
Used to express that the result or action remains the same regardless of the options listed in the two clauses.
"无论是自体还是异体来源的再生胰岛移植，均可在1型糖尿病患者中实现胰岛功能重建、血糖自主调控与胰岛素脱离。"
Indicates that a previous situation has changed and the action or state mentioned no longer happens.
"利用基因编辑技术的通用型产品，从而有效规避自身免疫攻击，不再需要使用免疫抑制治疗。"
(used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
diabetes; diabetes mellitus
patient; sufferer
to treat (an illness)
to be reborn
to take part in
(used with 得[de2] or 不[bu4] after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了[wang4 bu5 liao3] "cannot forget")
team
to transplant
to exist; to be alive
cell (biology)
(of the sea etc) surging; tempestuous
CL:條|条[tiao2],個|个[ge4]
function; capability
CL:門|门[men2],種|种[zhong3],項|项[xiang4]
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